GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES (Cindy and Lucas)
Cindy Valderrama
Lucas Osorio
Infinitive
verbs
GERUNDS
A gerund is a verb in its ING form that funtion as a noun. It name an activity rather than a person or thingGERUNDS
**It has different uses. For example:
1-Gerund can funtion as the subject of a sentence:
StudyING is so boring
PlayING basketball takes up too much of her time
DrinkING alcohol doesn't solution the problems
2- It can be used after a preposition, here is the object of a preposition:
She thanked her coach for helpING her to deal with the pressure
The tablet musn't be taken before gettING up in the morning
He told the joke without laughING
The girls insted on goING out with Carlos
3- A gerund can be the object of a verb:
I really enjoy swimmING in the sea
Daniel quit smokING a year ago
HERE YOU CAN FIND A EXPLANATION ABOUT IT. Enjoy it!
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| LET'S GO! |
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| A FUNNY GAME |
INFINITIVES
What are Infinitives?
An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is formed with to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.
Infinitive Examples
Infinitives can be used as:
1-an object following the verb:
- Jim always forgets to eat
2-a subject at the beginning of a sentence:
- To travel around the world requires a lot of time and money.
3- an adverb modifying a verb:
- You promised to buy me a diamond ring.
4- an adjective modifying a noun:
- Tara has the ability to succeed.
5- Some verbs are directly followed by an infinitive:
- Do you want to call your family now?
6- Some verbs are directly followed by a noun or pronoun and then by an infinitive:
- I convinced Catherine to become vegetarian.
- He advised me to sell all my shares of stock.
7- Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund without causing a change in meaning:
- Will you continue working after you give birth?
- Will you continue to work after you give birth?
8- Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund but with a change in meaning:
- He stopped drinking coffee. (He never drank coffee again.)
- He stopped to drink coffee. (He stopped what he was doing and drank some coffee.)
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| LOOK THE VIDEO! |
SOME EXERCISES
Exercises – Gerunds and Infinitives
Choose the correct gerund or infinitive from the parenthesis at the end of the sentence.
- She likes to get up early in the morning. (likes / dislikes)
Answers:
READING
Read the following text and underline all gerunds and infinitives. Then identify the
function of each one (subject, subject complement, noun complement, adjective
complement, direct object, or object of preposition).
VERB COMBINATION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj82FTXZw2A
5 Types Of English Verb + Verb Combinations
Many students get confused when there are two consecutive verbs in a sentence – what form does the second verb take? This lesson will show you five types of verb + verb combinations with example sentences.
If you want to practice more, try creating your own example sentence for each verb in the tables!
#1 – English Verbs + -ING Form
| avoid | deny | finish | regret |
| be/get used to | dislike | imagine | risk |
| can’t help | don’t mind | look forward to | spend time |
| can’t stand | enjoy | practice | stop |
| consider | feel like | recommend | suggest |
Example Sentences:
- I avoid eating after 10 PM.
- She considered studying Spanish, but chose to study French instead.
- I don’t mind giving you a ride to the airport.
- We look forward to hearing from you.
- He regrets losing his temper at the meeting.
- I recommend visiting Central Park.
#2 – English Verbs + Infinitive (With TO)
| agree | expect | manage | pretend | threaten |
| attempt | fail | need | promise | try |
| claim | hesitate | offer | refuse | want |
| decide | hope | plan | seem | would like |
| deserve | learn | prepare | tend |
Example Sentences:
- He agreed to help me with my homework.
- We decided to buy a new car.
- I hope to speak English fluently someday.
- You need to do more exercise.
- They promised to call me back.
- Bob refused to cooperate with the police.
#3 – English Verbs + Object + Infinitive (With TO)
| advise | convince | inform | require |
| allow | encourage | instruct | teach |
| authorize | force | permit | tell |
| cause | get | persuade | urge |
| challenge | hire | remind | warn |
Example Sentences:
- I don’t allow my kids to watch violent movies.
- The defect caused the machinery to malfunction.
- My friend convinced me to get a tattoo.
- He reminded her to take out the trash in the morning.
- The boss requires all employees to arrive on time.
- Jennifer told us to bring a jacket.
#4 – English Verbs + Infinitive (With TO) Or -ING Form
| begin | prefer |
| continue | remember* |
| hate* | start |
| like | try |
| love |
Example Sentences:
- The little girl started crying.
= The little girl started to cry. - I like reading.
= I like to read.
Use remember + infinitive to give a reminder, and remember + -ING to talk about a memory:
- Remember to go to the bank after work.
(reminder) - I remember going to the beach every summer as a child.
(memory)
Use hate + -ING for something you hate always / in general, and hate + infinitive for something you are going to do (but you don’t want to):
- I hate waiting in line.
(in general) - I hate to ask you for money yet again… but could you lend me $10?
(expressing regret for something you are going to do)
#5 – English Verbs + Object + Simple Form (Without TO)
| let |
| make |
| help |
| have |
Example Sentences:
- The teacher doesn’t let us use cell phones during class.
(not “let us to use”) - I made my son clean his room.
(not “made my son to clean”) - Could you help me carry these boxes?
(you could say “help me to carry,” but it’s not common) - The teacher had each student give a presentation.
(not “had each student to give”)
MORE EXERCISES
1- Is the Gerund in the following sentences/questions used as a subject, object or as a complement?
- Dancing is great fun. →
- She hates going out at night. →
- Cooking is my hobby. →
- Smoking is bad for your health. →
- Do you enjoy swimming? →
- Geocaching can be dangerous. →
- Doing homework is boring. →
- My favourite activity is using my smartphone. →
- Why don't you like writing essays? →
- What he really likes is going by bike. →
2- Choose the correct answer.
Q1 - I miss ____ in London.
live
living
to live
Q2 - I enjoyed ____ them again.
see
seeing
to see
Q3 - He avoided ____ them do it because he wanted to get home early.
help
helping
to help
Q4 - I promised ____ it by Friday.
do
doing
to do
Q5 - She's expected ____ the job.
get
getting
to get
Q6 - Would you like ____?
come
coming
to come
Q7 - They don't tolerate any ____ about their decisions.
argue
arguing
to argue
Q8 - She taught me ____ it.
do
doing
to do
Q9 - I don't feel like ____ it.
do
doing
to do
Q10 - Do you mind ____ it with you?
take
taking
to take
Preparation
Give out a copy of the Farmer Jones story.
Procedure
- Ask the students to read the story and then attempt the exercise in pairs.
- Get them to compare answers in pairs, then give feedback to the activity as a whole class
- Encourage students to justify their opinion as to why the gerund or infinitive should be used. For example, we can say continue to get or continue getting with no difference in meaning, and both are equally correct. However, when we look at tried, we need to look more closely at the context.
- Discuss the choices with the students and ask them what happens next. Does Jane ask for a divorce because of the smell? Does it scare the chicken? Do they buy more chickens? Can they think of a better ending to the story?
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